How are large western hemisphere warm pools formed?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

David B. Enfield  Sang-Ki Lee  Chunzai Wang 《Progress in Oceanography》2006,70(2-4):346

During the boreal summer the Western Hemisphere warm pool (WHWP) stretches from the eastern North Pacific to the tropical North Atlantic and is a key feature of the climate of the Americas and Africa. In the summers following nine El Niño events during 1950–2000, there have been five instances of extraordinarily large warm pools averaging about twice the climatological annual size. These large warm pools have induced a strengthened divergent circulation aloft and have been associated with rainfall anomalies throughout the western hemisphere tropics and subtropics and with more frequent hurricanes. However, following four other El Niño events large warm pools did not develop, such that the mere existence of El Niño during the boreal winter does not provide the basis for predicting an anomalously large warm pool the following summer.In this paper, we find consistency with the hypothesis that large warm pools result from an anomalous divergent circulation forced by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Pacific, the so-called atmospheric bridge. We also find significant explanations for why large warm pools do not always develop. If the El Niño event ends early in the eastern Pacific, the Pacific warm anomaly lacks the persistence needed to force the atmospheric bridge and the Atlantic portion of the warm pool remains normal. If SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific do not last much beyond February of the following year, then the eastern North Pacific portion of the warm pool remains normal. The overall strength of the Pacific El Niño does not appear to be a critical factor. We also find that when conditions favor a developing atmospheric bridge and the winter atmosphere over the North Atlantic conforms to a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern (as in 1957–58 and 1968–69), the forcing is reinforced and the warm pool is stronger. On the other hand, if a positive NAO pattern develops the warm pool may remain normal even if other circumstances favor the atmospheric bridge, as in 1991–92. Finally, we could find little evidence that interactions internal to the tropical Atlantic are likely to mitigate for or against the formation of the largest warm pools, although they may affect smaller warm pool fluctuations or the warm pool persistence.  相似文献   

Dynamic Analysis of A Pontoon-Separated Floating Bridge Subjected to A Moving Load   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

王琮  付世晓李宁崔维成  林铸明 《中国海洋工程》2006,20(3):419-430

1 .Introduction Since the most significant feature of a movingloadisits mobility,the interaction betweenthe ve-hicle and bridge is very complicated,which can be classified as a coupled vibration problem.There-fore ,much attention has been paid to the dyna…  相似文献   

覆水砂土场地中桥梁群桩基础地震响应离心试验研究     

闫志晓  李雨润  王东升  王永志 《岩土力学》2023,(3):861-872

为探究覆水饱和砂土场地中土-群桩基础-桥梁结构体系动力相互作用规律,自主设计并制作了直（斜）群桩基础-桥梁结构物理相似模型,开展了不同地震动强度和不同特性地震波输入下的离心机振动台试验,分析了群桩基础-桥梁结构动力特性指标,探究了覆水饱和砂土地基超孔隙水压力发展规律和桩-土相互作用动力响应特性。研究结果表明：覆水的存在对地基土-桥梁结构体系的基本周期和阻尼影响很小,但会导致直群桩基础桥梁结构的振动幅值增加20%,而斜群桩基础桥梁结构的振动幅值降低10%;斜群桩基础模型阻尼比是直群桩基础模型的2倍。上覆水导致饱和砂土地基由受低频振动液化深度更大变为受高频振动地基液化深度更大,同时导致小震作用下促进超孔隙水压力发展,而大震作用下则反之。上覆水会增大桥梁上部结构的动力响应和桩身弯矩。上述研究结果可为覆水场地中桥梁工程抗震设计提供关键参考依据。  相似文献   

岩溶天生桥纵向分层旅游开发方式——以重庆黔江蒲花天生桥群为例     

韦跃龙  陈伟海 《地球学报》2012,33(1):98-110

本文按发育岩性(可溶岩和非可溶岩), 发育规模(如桥高、拱高、跨度等), 桥下河谷的发育特征(常年性、季节性河流和干谷), 及发育成因(地表和地下), 提出天生桥的4大分类方案, 简要介绍和概括了近年来中国发现的典型岩溶天生桥的类型、分布格局、发育规模及景观组合和对比特征。然后以重庆黔江蒲花天生桥群为例, 初步分析和探讨了它的形成与演化, 系统分析和评价了它的资源系统, 通过与黔江区、武陵山区旅游资源及国内其它相似景区的对比, 概括其资源特色为“一河两桥三窗”, 并结合其市场条件, 将旅游开发主题定格为“桥下游暗河, 桥上走天桥, 上游漂激流”, 提出“一心二带一区三环”的功能布局, 探讨不同功能区的开发思路, 划分出主导、重要和配套3个层次的旅游产品项目, 构建连通桥上桥下的三大游览环线, 设计出“河-人-桥”三位一体的灯光效果。最后, 通过对中国典型岩溶天生桥旅游开发方式的概括、对比和分析, 提出岩溶天生桥纵向分层旅游开发方式, 并概括出3大分层方式: (1)“桥下观光, 桥上保护”式; (2)“桥下桥上观光”式; (3)“桥下保护, 桥上观光”式。  相似文献   

New Damage-locating Method for Bridges Subjected to a Moving Load     

LIU Fushun LI Huajun YU Guangming ZHANG Yantao WANG Weiying SUN Wanqing 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(2):199-204

A new damage-locating method for bridges subjected to a moving load is presented, and a new ‘moving load damage-locating indicator＇ （MLDI） is introduced. A vehicle is modeled as a moving load, the bridge is simplified as an Euler-Bernoulli beam, and the damage is simulated by a reduction of stiffness properties of the elements. The curvature and MLDI values at each node of the baseline model （undamaged） and the damage model are computed respectively. Then the damage or damages can be located from a sudden change of the MLDI value. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated by numerical simulation. The results indicate that the method is effective, being able to not only locate a single damage accurately, but also locate multiple damages in simply-supported bridges, including multiple damages in continuous bridges. The results also indicate that the MLDI can accurately locate damages under 5% measurement noise.  相似文献   

测距三角高程跨河水准测量的应用     

李世良 《地理空间信息》2010,8(2):146-147,153

结合大桥工程中跨河水准测量,分别运用常规的测距三角高程法和改进的测距三角高程法进行跨河水准测量,对结果进行比较和研究。  相似文献   

桥梁施工高程控制网精度及跨河水准观测设计   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴迪军  熊伟 《测绘信息与工程》2009,34(4):6-8

分析了水中桥墩施工允许误差，推导了桥梁施工高程控制网的必要精度，研究并设计了不同跨河长度下的桥梁高程控制测量等级和跨河水准测量的测回数及组数，研究成果可供相关规范修订时借鉴。  相似文献   

桥梁工程跨河水准测量设计与实践   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

郑强  吴迪军  张建军 《地理空间信息》2009,7(4):142-143

系统地分析和总结桥梁工程跨河水准测量的基本理论、方法和技术要点，对各种跨河水准测量方法的适用条件及其优缺点进行分析比较。最后，以某特大型桥梁工程的三角高程跨河水准测量为例进行了验证。  相似文献   

基于不同滤波算法差异的机载LiDAR数据桥梁提取     

谷延超  范喆宇  范东明  林鉴 《测绘工程》2014,23(11):67-70

在对形态学滤波和区域生长算法研究的基础上,通过对桥梁的特点进行分析,提出一种基于形态学滤波和区域生长算法的滤波结果的差异进行桥梁探测的算法.算法不受桥梁形状的影响,桥梁可分叉、无需平行和等宽,甚至在部分桥梁数据不完整的情况下也有效.通过3个不同场景的桥梁实例验证算法的正确性.  相似文献   

基于CASIO fx-5800计算器编制计算曲线桥墩坐标     

王心旺 《北京测绘》2014,(6):122-124

根据单线铁路曲线桥墩与路线中线之间的设计关系,以及桥梁工作线、桥墩横向偏心、纵向偏心。基于CASIO fx-5800计算器编制计算曲线桥墩坐标,将结合工程实例讨论曲线桥墩上任意点坐标计算,施工中常用方法。  相似文献